Angola

Introduction ::Angola

Background:

Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010; elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president.

Geography ::Angola

Location:

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Geographic coordinates:

12 30 S, 18 30 E

Area:

total: 1,246,700 sq km

country comparison to the world: 23

land: 1,246,700 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Land boundaries:

total: 5,198 km

border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Coastline:

1,600 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Terrain:

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m

Natural resources:

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Land use:

arable land: 3.29%

permanent crops: 0.23%

other: 96.48% (2011)

Irrigated land:

855.3 sq km (2005)

Total renewable water resources:

148 cu km (2011)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 0.71 cu km/yr (45%/34%/21%)

per capita: 40.27 cu m/yr (2005)

Natural hazards:

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Environment - current issues:

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

People and Society ::Angola

Nationality:

noun: Angolan(s)

adjective: Angolan

Ethnic groups:

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

Languages:

Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Religions:

indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)

Population:

18,565,269 (July 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 59

Age structure:

0-14 years: 43.5% (male 4,121,500/female 3,961,484)

15-24 years: 20.3% (male 1,922,114/female 1,855,689)

25-54 years: 29.2% (male 2,734,128/female 2,692,449)

55-64 years: 4% (male 358,337/female 378,231)

65 years and over: 2.9% (male 250,388/female 290,949) (2013 est.)

Dependency ratios:

total dependency ratio: 99.6 %

youth dependency ratio: 94.8 %

elderly dependency ratio: 4.8 %

potential support ratio: 20.9 (2013)

Median age:

total: 17.7 years

male: 17.5 years

female: 17.9 years (2013 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.78% (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

Birth rate:

39.16 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 10

Death rate:

11.86 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

Net migration rate:

0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 67

Urbanization:

urban population: 59.2% of total population (2011)

rate of urbanization: 3.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major urban areas - population:

LUANDA (capital) 5.068 million; Huambo 979,000 (2011)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female

total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Maternal mortality rate:

450 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

country comparison to the world: 25

Infant mortality rate:

total: 81.75 deaths/1,000 live births

country comparison to the world: 8

male: 85.56 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 77.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 54.95 years

country comparison to the world: 203

male: 53.83 years

female: 56.11 years (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.49 children born/woman (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 10

Contraceptive prevalence rate:

17.7% (2009)

Health expenditures:

2.9% of GDP (2010)

country comparison to the world: 180

Physicians density:

0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Hospital bed density:

0.8 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Drinking water source:

improved:

urban: 60% of population

rural: 38% of population

total: 51% of population

unimproved:

urban: 40% of population

rural: 62% of population

total: 49% of population (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access:

improved:

urban: 85% of population

rural: 19% of population

total: 58% of population

unimproved:

urban: 15% of population

rural: 81% of population

total: 42% of population (2010 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

2% (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

200,000 (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 27

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

11,000 (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 26

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: very high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria

water contact disease: schistosomiasis

animal contact disease: rabies (2013)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:

6.4% (2008)

country comparison to the world: 147

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:

15.6% (2007)

country comparison to the world: 50

Education expenditures:

3.5% of GDP (2010)

country comparison to the world: 127

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 70.4%

male: 82.6%

female: 58.6% (2011 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

total: 10 years (2010)

Child labor - children ages 5-14:

total number: 832,895

percentage: 24 % (2001 est.)

Government ::Angola

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Angola

conventional short form: Angola

local long form: Republica de Angola

local short form: Angola

former: People's Republic of Angola

Government type:

republic; multiparty presidential regime

Capital:

name: Luanda

geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Independence:

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

Constitution:

adopted by National Assembly 5 February 2010

Legal system:

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

International law organization participation:

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

(For more information visit the World Leaders website )

elections: president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, the leader of the party with the most votes becomes president; following the results of the 2012 legislative elections DOS SANTOS became president (eligible for a second term)

election results: NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS became pesident following legislative elections on 31 August 2012; DOS SANTOS was inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017)

election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2

Judicial branch:

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (consists of the chief justice and NA judges; Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 members)

judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body presided over by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms

subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts

Political parties and leaders:

Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU]

National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Lucas NGONDA]

National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party)

Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975)

Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]

note: 4 other parties qualified to participate in the national election in August 2012

Political pressure groups and leaders:

Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO]

note: FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; Several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues Mingas], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010

International organization participation:

ACP, AfDB, AU, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO

chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone: [1] [phone]

FAX: [1] [phone]

consulate(s) general: Houston, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN

embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda

mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000

FAX: [244] (222) 64-1232

Flag description:

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants

National symbol(s):

Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope)

National anthem:

name: ""Angola Avante"" (Forward Angola)

lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO

note: adopted 1975

Economy ::Angola

Economy - overview:

Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and its current assigned a production quota of 1.65 million barrels a day (bbl/day). Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession that started in 2008 temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 10% in 2012. Higher oil prices have helped Angola turn a budget deficit of 8.6% of GDP in 2009 into an surplus of 12% of GDP in 2012. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$130.4 billion (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

$120.3 billion (2011 est.)

$115.7 billion (2010 est.)

note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$118.7 billion (2012 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

8.4% (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

3.9% (2011 est.)

3.4% (2010 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$6,500 (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 144

$6,100 (2011 est.)

$6,100 (2010 est.)

note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Gross national saving:

20.4% of GDP (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

24% of GDP (2011 est.)

21.8% of GDP (2010 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use:

household consumption: 48%

government consumption: 19.8%

investment in fixed capital: 11.4%

investment in inventories: 0%

exports of goods and services: 64.2%

imports of goods and services: -43.4%

(2012 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:

agriculture: 10.2%

industry: 61.4%

services: 28.4% (2011 est.)

Agriculture - products:

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Industries:

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Industrial production growth rate:

8% (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

Labor force:

8.468 million (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 85%

industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Population below poverty line:

40.5% (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 0.6%

highest 10%: 44.7% (2000)

Budget:

revenues: $51.24 billion

expenditures: $44.23 billion (2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues:

43.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):

5.9% of GDP (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 11

Public debt:

16.2% of GDP (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 134

18.4% of GDP (2011 est.)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

10.3% (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 201

13.5% (2011 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

25% (31 December 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

30% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

16.81% (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

18.76% (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money:

$13.31 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

$12.19 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money:

$44.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 69

$36.55 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit:

$20.45 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 81

$18.35 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance:

$17.09 billion (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

$15.92 billion (2011 est.)

Exports:

$69.26 billion (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 51

$67.31 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities:

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners:

China 45.8%, US 13.7%, India 11%, South Africa 4.1% (2012)

Imports:

$22.86 billion (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 73

$20.23 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners:

China 20.8%, Portugal 19.5%, US 7.7%, South Africa 7.1%, Brazil 5.9% (2012)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$33.41 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 48

$26.48 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Debt - external:

$21.78 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 80

$21.12 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$17.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 74

$12.15 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$9.621 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 56

$7.361 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Exchange rates:

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -

95.468 (2012 est.)

93.935 (2011 est.)

91.906 (2010 est.)

79.33 (2009)

75.023 (2008)

Energy ::Angola

Electricity - production:

4.08 billion kWh (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 122

Electricity - consumption:

3.659 billion kWh (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 124

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 155

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 154

Electricity - installed generating capacity:

1.155 million kW (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 120

Electricity - from fossil fuels:

56.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 142

Electricity - from nuclear fuels:

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 39

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:

43.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 51

Electricity - from other renewable sources:

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 104

Crude oil - production:

1.84 million bbl/day (2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 16

Crude oil - exports:

1.757 million bbl/day (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 8

Crude oil - imports:

0 bbl/day (2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 152

Crude oil - proved reserves:

15 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Refined petroleum products - production:

37,310 bbl/day (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 88

Refined petroleum products - consumption:

79,430 bbl/day (2011 est.)

country comparison to the world: 86

Refined petroleum products - exports:

31,050 bbl/day (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 66

Refined petroleum products - imports:

41,480 bbl/day (2008 est.)

country comparison to the world: 74

Natural gas - production:

734 million cu m (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 68

Natural gas - consumption:

733 million cu m (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 95

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 153

Natural gas - proved reserves:

310 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 38

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:

24.2 million Mt (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 79

Communications ::Angola

Telephones - main lines in use:

303,200 (2011)

country comparison to the world: 116

Telephones - mobile cellular:

9.491 million (2011)

country comparison to the world: 78

Telephone system:

general assessment: limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001

domestic: only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 telephones per 100 persons in 2011

international: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)

Broadcast media:

state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

Internet country code:

.ao

Internet hosts:

20,703 (2012)

country comparison to the world: 116

Internet users:

606,700 (2009)

country comparison to the world: 114

Transportation ::Angola

Airports:

176 (2013)

country comparison to the world: 32

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 31

over 3,047 m: 7

2,438 to 3,047 m: 8

1,524 to 2,437 m: 12

914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 145

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 3

1,524 to 2,437 m: 31

914 to 1,523 m: 66

under 914 m:

43 (2013)

Heliports:

1 (2013)

Pipelines:

gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1,065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)

Railways:

total: 2,764 km

country comparison to the world: 59

narrow gauge: 2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 51,429 km

country comparison to the world: 78

paved: 5,349 km

unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)

Waterways:

1,300 km (2011)

country comparison to the world: 54

Merchant marine:

total: 7

country comparison to the world: 123

by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1

foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1)

registered in other countries: 17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010)

Ports and terminals:

major seaport(s): Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Military ::Angola

Military branches:

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)

Military service age and obligation:

20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 3,062,438

females age 16-49: 2,964,262 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,546,781

females age 16-49: 1,492,308 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 155,476

female: 152,054 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures:

3% of GDP (2012)

country comparison to the world: 40

Transnational Issues ::Angola

Disputes - international:

Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 20,740 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (2012)

IDPs: 19,500 (27-year civil war ending in 2002) (2005)

Trafficking in persons:

current situation: Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and diamond mines; some Angolan girls are forced into domestic prostitution, while some Angolan boys are taken to Namibia as forced laborers or are forced to be cross-border couriers; women and children are also forced into domestic service in South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, and European countries; Vietnamese, Brazilian, and Chinese women are trafficked to Angola for prostitution, while Chinese, Southeast Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola's construction industry

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; authorities opened one internal labor trafficking investigation but have not initiated the prosecution of any trafficking offenders, has never convicted a trafficking offender, and does not have a law specifically prohibiting all forms of trafficking; the government has not adopted amendments to the penal code reflecting the 2010 constitutional provision prohibiting human trafficking and has not finalized draft anti-trafficking legislation; the government has made minimal efforts to protect trafficking victims but continues to lack a systematic process for identifying trafficking victims and providing legal remedies to victims (2013)

Illicit drugs:

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa"